In electrical power distribution, a feeder is a conductor or group of conductors that carries electrical power from one point to another. Feeders are essential components that bridge the gap between the source of electricity (like a power plant or substation) and the points where it's ultimately used by consumers. Here's a breakdown of key aspects of feeder electrical systems:

Function:

1. Transmission: Feeders transmit electrical power over various distances. They can be overhead power lines you see on poles or underground cables buried beneath our streets.
2. Distribution: Feeders deliver power from the source to distribution points like transformers or panel boards. These distribution points then provide power to individual circuits feeding homes, buildings, or machinery.

Types of Feeders:

1. Primary Feeder: High voltage feeders (usually above 35 kV) that carry electricity from power plants or substations to distribution transformers.
2. Secondary Feeder: Lower voltage feeders (usually below 35 kV) that connect distribution transformers to individual consumers or distribution points.

Components of a Feeder System:

1. Conductors: These are the cables that carry the electrical current. They can be made of various materials like copper or aluminum, chosen based on factors like cost, conductivity, and weight.
2. Insulation: Insulating materials surround the conductors to prevent current leakage and electrical hazards.
3. Supporting Structures: Overhead feeders require support structures like poles or towers to hold the cables aloft. Underground feeders utilize conduits or trenches for protection.
4. Protective Devices: Circuit breakers or fuses are installed at various points within the feeder system to protect against overcurrents and short circuits.

Key Characteristics of Feeders:

1. Voltage Rating: Feeders are designed to operate within a specific voltage range.
2. Current Capacity: The size and type of conductors determine the amount of current a feeder can safely handle.
3. Length: Feeders can vary in length depending on the application. They can be short runs within a building or stretch for miles across a city.

Safety Considerations:

1. Overhead feeder lines pose a high-voltage danger. It's crucial to maintain a safe distance and never attempt to touch them.
2. Underground feeders, while less visible, can still be hazardous if damaged during excavation work. Always call utility locating services before digging to identify underground utilities.