Salt and charcoal are sometimes used in earthing systems to improve the conductivity and performance of the earthing electrode. Here's why they are used:

1. Salt (Common Salt, Sodium Chloride):

   • Salt, when mixed with water, forms an electrolyte solution that enhances the conductivity of the soil surrounding the earthing electrode. This increased conductivity helps to reduce the resistance of the earthing system, allowing it to dissipate fault currents and provide a low-resistance path to ground.
   • By adding salt to the soil around the earthing electrode, the soil becomes more conductive, improving the efficiency of the earthing system. This is particularly beneficial in areas with dry or rocky soil conditions where the natural soil conductivity may be low.
   • However, it's essential to use salt sparingly and ensure that it is thoroughly mixed with the soil to prevent excessive salinity, which can be harmful to plants and vegetation.

2. Charcoal:

   • Charcoal, particularly activated charcoal, is a highly porous and conductive material that can enhance the conductivity of the soil around the earthing electrode. When charcoal is mixed with the soil, it increases the surface area available for electrical contact, allowing for better dissipation of fault currents.
   • Additionally, charcoal has the ability to absorb moisture from the surrounding environment, which can help improve the moisture content of the soil and further enhance its conductivity. This is particularly useful in areas with dry or sandy soil conditions.
   • Charcoal also has the advantage of being a natural material that is environmentally friendly and readily available. However, it may not be as effective as salt in increasing soil conductivity, and its use may vary depending on the specific soil conditions and requirements of the earthing system.

While salt and charcoal can be beneficial in improving the conductivity of the soil in earthing systems, it's important to use them judiciously and in accordance with local regulations and guidelines. Improper use of salt or charcoal can lead to soil contamination, environmental damage, or corrosion of earthing components. Therefore, it's advisable to consult with a qualified engineer or electrician before incorporating these materials into an earthing system.