Automatic Tank Gauging (ATG) systems are used to monitor and manage the level of liquid in storage tanks automatically. These systems typically consist of various sensors, instruments, and control systems that work together to accurately measure the level of the tank contents and provide data for inventory management, leak detection, and overfill prevention. Here's an overview of how ATG systems work for level measurement of tanks:

1. Level Sensors:

   • ATG systems use various types of level sensors to measure the liquid level inside the tank. Common types of level sensors include radar sensors, ultrasonic sensors, magnetostrictive sensors, guided wave radar sensors, and capacitance sensors. These sensors are installed at different points on the tank, such as the top, bottom, or sidewalls, depending on the specific requirements of the application.

2. Measurement Principle:

   • Each type of level sensor operates based on a different measurement principle. For example, radar sensors use electromagnetic waves to measure the distance to the liquid surface, ultrasonic sensors emit sound waves and measure the time taken for the waves to reflect back from the liquid surface, and magnetostrictive sensors use the principle of magnetostriction to measure the position of a magnetic float inside the tank.

3. Data Acquisition and Processing:

   • The level sensor continuously measures the level of the tank contents and sends the data to the ATG control system. The control system processes the data and calculates the volume of liquid in the tank based on the level measurements and tank dimensions. It may also perform temperature compensation and density correction to account for variations in liquid properties.

4. Inventory Management:

   • ATG systems provide real-time data on the level of liquid in the tank, allowing operators to monitor inventory levels accurately. The system can generate alarms or alerts when the level exceeds or falls below predefined thresholds, enabling timely replenishment or distribution of the tank contents.

5. Leak Detection and Overfill Prevention:

   • ATG systems can also be used for leak detection and overfill prevention. They can detect sudden changes in the level of the tank contents that may indicate a leak or spillage and trigger alarms or shutdowns to prevent environmental contamination or safety hazards.

6. Remote Monitoring and Control:

   • Many ATG systems are equipped with remote monitoring and control capabilities, allowing operators to access real-time tank data from a centralized location or via mobile devices. This enables proactive management of tank inventory, maintenance scheduling, and troubleshooting.

Overall, Automatic Tank Gauging systems provide accurate and reliable level measurement of tanks, helping operators optimize inventory management, ensure regulatory compliance, and improve safety and environmental protection. The selection of level sensors and ATG system components depends on factors such as the type of liquid, tank size, operating conditions, and specific requirements of the application.