A strainer is a device used in piping systems to remove solid particles or debris from the flowing fluid, thus protecting downstream equipment such as pumps, valves, and meters from damage or clogging. Strainers are typically installed upstream of sensitive equipment to ensure the integrity and performance of the system. Here's an overview of strainers and their installation:

Types of Strainers:

1. Y-Strainers: Y-strainers are named for their shape, which resembles the letter "Y." They feature a perforated or mesh screen that traps debris while allowing the fluid to pass through. Y-strainers are commonly used in liquid applications.

2. Basket Strainers: Basket strainers consist of a perforated or mesh basket that captures debris, which can be removed for cleaning or replacement without shutting down the system. Basket strainers are suitable for both liquid and gas applications.

3. Tee Strainers: Tee strainers are installed in a pipeline using a tee fitting and feature a removable screen for easy cleaning. They are commonly used in liquid applications.

Installation of Strainers:

1. Selection: Choose the appropriate type and size of strainer based on the flow rate, fluid properties, and particle size to be filtered. Consider factors such as pressure drop, maintenance requirements, and compatibility with the fluid.

2. Location: Install the strainer upstream of the equipment to be protected, such as pumps, valves, or meters. Ensure that there is sufficient space for access and maintenance.

3. Orientation: Install the strainer in the correct orientation to ensure proper fluid flow. For Y-strainers and tee strainers, the strainer screen should be oriented downward to allow trapped debris to settle at the bottom for easy removal.

4. Piping Alignment: Ensure proper alignment of the piping to prevent stress or strain on the strainer body. Use appropriate gaskets and fittings to seal the connections and prevent leaks.

5. Support: Provide adequate support for the strainer to prevent sagging or misalignment. Use pipe hangers or supports as needed to secure the strainer in place.

6. Bypass: Consider installing a bypass line with a valve around the strainer to allow flow to continue during strainer maintenance or cleaning.

7. Access: Provide sufficient access space around the strainer for maintenance, inspection, and cleaning. Install isolation valves on both sides of the strainer to isolate it from the system for maintenance.

8. Maintenance: Regularly inspect and clean the strainer to remove accumulated debris and maintain proper flow. Follow the manufacturer's recommendations for maintenance intervals and procedures.

By properly selecting and installing strainers in your piping system, you can effectively protect downstream equipment from damage and ensure the reliable operation of your system. Regular maintenance and inspection are essential to maximize the performance and longevity of strainers.