Total Dissolved Solids (TDS):
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) refers to the combined content of all inorganic and organic substances dissolved in a liquid, typically water. These substances can include minerals, salts, metals, cations, anions, and various organic compounds. TDS is usually expressed in milligrams per liter (mg/L) or parts per million (ppm).
TDS can originate from natural sources such as weathering and erosion of rocks, as well as human activities including industrial discharge, agricultural runoff, and wastewater discharges. High levels of TDS in water can affect its taste, odor, and appearance. Additionally, elevated TDS concentrations may indicate the presence of potentially harmful contaminants.
TDS measurement is often used in water quality assessment to determine the overall purity of water and to monitor changes in water composition over time. It's an essential parameter in various industries such as agriculture, aquaculture, and drinking water treatment.
Salinity:
Salinity refers to the concentration of dissolved salts in water, typically expressed in parts per thousand (ppt) or practical salinity units (PSU). It is a measure of the total amount of dissolved salts, primarily sodium chloride (table salt), but also other ions such as magnesium, calcium, and sulfate.
Salinity can vary widely depending on factors such as evaporation rates, freshwater input from rivers and streams, and oceanic currents. Seawater, for example, has an average salinity of about 35 ppt (or PSU), meaning there are approximately 35 grams of dissolved salts in every kilogram of seawater.
High salinity levels can have significant impacts on aquatic ecosystems, freshwater resources, and agriculture. Excessive salinity in soil can hinder plant growth and reduce crop yields. In freshwater bodies, high salinity can affect the composition of aquatic communities and lead to the degradation of habitats.
Salinity measurement is crucial for assessing water quality, particularly in coastal areas, estuaries, and regions where freshwater and saltwater mix. It is also monitored in industries such as desalination, aquaculture, and marine transportation to ensure the proper management of water resources and infrastructure.
