Initialization errors occur when a variable or object is not assigned a valid initial value before it is used. This can lead to unpredictable behavior, incorrect results, and even program crashes.

Common Causes of Initialization Errors:

• Missing Initialization: Failure to assign an initial value to a variable or object.
• Incorrect Initialization: Assigning an incorrect or invalid value to a variable or object.
• Function Calls: Passing uninitialized variables as arguments to functions.
• Return Values: Returning uninitialized values from functions.